Geographia Polonica (1975) vol. 31

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to, first, briefly describe the recent changes in industrial employment in post-war Poland, particularly as these changes refer to the theoretical generalizations which constitute the socialist spatial develop-ment model, and, secondly, to present an econometric analysis which models the developmental dynamics of Polish industry over space during 1950-1970.

Many attempts have been made to investigate industrialization in Poland sc as to evaluate the results of economic development over space during the period 1946-60. Widely varying in time dimension, areal differentiation, and methods of analysis, five of these studies demand review here for they offer a series of empirical results and methodological demarcations in the measurement oi Polish industrial development.

Lawrence W. Murray, Jr., Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts
Gerald J. Karaska, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA

Abstract

Modern sea transport is recently, more than previously, concerned with the geography of the land adjacent to the port which forms the hinterland and the foreland. This is indispensable from the point of view of the proper organ-ization of transport and also the acquisition of cargoes for sea transport. This is, above all, connected with the modern technology of reloading and transport-ing for the reasons given below:

• Acquisition of cargoes for container-ships or LASH-system often takes place outside the ports, at their hinterland or foreland and not in the port as was previously practiced in the traditional system. Consequently, cargoes are often transferred for sea transportation far away from the port.1
• Proper organization of modern sea transport makes the sea carrier con-cerned in land transport and its conditions in the hinterland and the foreland.
• At the hiterland and the foreland special conditions are created to collect cargoes designed for sea transport and there is also the demand for cargoes. All the problems involved, are of interest to those who organize sea transport mainly because of the necessity of planning and forecasting cargo turnover for the future.

Theoretical works on the hinterland and the foreland are so far insufficient for this purpose and they do not clearly explain their role in relation to the needs of transport and the terminology used in those works is not precise enough or clearly understood.The author of the present work suggests the acceptance of certain formula-tions relating to the meaning and function of the hinterland and foreland of ports in sea transport.

Witold Barczuk, Gdańsk University

Julitta Grocholska, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland

Peggy A. Lentz, University, New Orlean Louisiane State, U.S.A.

Abstract

The present article 1 has two specific objectives. The first aim is to reduce the multitude of generalizations found in the contemporary literature on intra-urban structure into a set of basic theoretical statements and postulates. The second aim is to demonstrate to what extent individual theories and statements reflect particular social, political and cultural contexts and to show which approaches, and why, may be regarded as of a more or less universal range of applicability.

Piotr Korcelli [korcelli@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakowskie Przedmieście 30, 00-927 Warszawa, Poland

Abstract

This paper is concerned with the evaluation of the Gravity Model (GM concept), and its applications from both philosophical and operational points of view. The main concern will be the model as a simulator for a trip distribu-tion phase of the transportation planning process, although some of the critic-isms apply to the other applications of the model as well.In section 2 the GM will be presented on the basis of an analogy with New-tonian mechanics, statistical mechanics and information theory. The generalised form of the GM and its modal split implications which have been developed in the frame-work of Entropy Maximising (EM) methodology will be described briefly. In section 3 the GM will be evaluated from the philosophical, perform-ance, and operational points of view. EM approach will be considered through-out the work as a methodology which leads to a special case of GM which we shall call Entropy Maximising Gravity Model (EMGM). A derivation of GM without total cost constraint will be developed. Summary and conclusions will be given in section 4.

Ali Mekky, Department of Traffic Research Alexandria Region General Transport Administration, and Economic Academy, Cracow

W. A. Douglas Jackson, Department of Geography, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
Edward J. F. Bergman, University of Washington, Herbert H. Lehman College

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to present the methods of constructing climatic maps of various scales for mountainous and upland territories worked upon in the last ten years in the Department of Climatology of the Geographical Institute of the Jagellonian University based on investigations carried out in Southern Poland. This paper forms a contribution to the discussion on drawing general and detailed climatic maps useful for estimating the qualities of the natural environment, and solving numerous economic problems, especially those of spatial planning.

Mieczysław Hess, Department of Climatology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow
Tadeusz Niedźwiedź, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia Będzińska 60,41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland. Institute of Meteorology and Water Management Borowego 14, 30-215 Kraków, Poland.
Barbara Obrębska-Starklowa, Department of Climatology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow

Abstract

The principal aim of the present study is to evaluate numerically the rela-tions occurring in the area of Poland between air temperature and geographical and meteorological parameters. Hence, to start with, the author investigated how far some geographical and meteorological parameters jointly affect the formation of air temperature; afterwards she established the impact exerted by each of these parameters.

Maria Stopa-Boryczka, Warsaw University

Abstract

In the present paper an attempt has been made to reconstruct the processes of down-wasting of the penultimate ice sheet of the Last (Baltic, North Polish, Wiirm) Glaciation in the area of the Grudziądz Basin based on the analysis of the deposits and fossil landforms observed in three exposed profiles, including first radiocarbon dating. These profiles, selected from several ones which have been studied in the Lower Vistula Valley (E. Drozdowski, 1974), indicate quite well the type and succession of the deglaciation processes; in consequence they present a general picture of palaeogeographical conditions and make it possible to correlate them with definite evolutionary stages of the Last Glaciation observed in other areas.

Eugeniusz Drozdowski, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Kopernika 19, 87-100 Toruń, Poland