Teresa Kozłowska-Szczęsna

Abstract

The study presents the results of bioclimatic investigations carried out in Department of Climatology of the Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization of the Polish Academy of Sciences. The aims of this research involve evaluation and regionalization of a bioclimate of Poland in different spatial scales from the point of view of climatotherapeutical and recreational potential as well as work under an open air. Bioclimatic weather classification and human heat balance method were used in this study.

Keywords: bioclimatic mapping, weather classsifications, human heat balance

Krzysztof Błażejczyk [k.blaz@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland
Teresa Kozłowska-Szczęsna [klimat@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland
Barbara Krawczyk [b.kraw@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland

Abstract

Four bioclimatic types have been distinguished in Poland: strongstimulating bioclimate (type I), moderate stimulating bioclimate (type II), mildstimulating bioclimate (type III), and weak stimulating bioclimate (type IV). Twosubtypes have been marked within each of these four types: bioclimate of forestedterrain, with spare features (subtype A), and bioclimate of urbanized terrain, with strainfeatures (subtype B). The initial material for this paper was taken from data collected bynearly 100 state-run meteorological stations and posts between 1961 and 1970. The decade was then marked by hot summer in 1963, cool summers in 1962 and 1965, frostywinters 1962/63 and 1969/70, wet summers in 1966 and 1970, and dry summers in 1964and 1969; in all, the period had embraced a range of extreme weather conditions and,therefore, be accepted as representative for evaluation of Poland's bioclimate.It is noteworthy that non — Polish bibliography gives few examples of cartographicanalyses made from the point of view of man's bioclimatology. One such example is amap of West Germany (Becker and Wagner 1972).

Teresa Kozłowska-Szczęsna [klimat@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland

Teresa Kozłowska-Szczęsna [klimat@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland

Abstract

The purpose of this work is to describe the areal distribution and the changes over time of the albedo in Poland. The reflection of solar radiation from a given sarface is defined by the so-called coefficient of reflection a and depends on the type of surface. The albedo is the integral of the coefficient of reflection integrated according to the wave length within the short wave band (0.3-3.0.JJ,). The altedo is usually expressed as a percentage ratio between the incoming and the reflected radiation. The size of the albedo is influenced by both general climati: factors and local factors. It is not surprising, therefore, that the value of the albedo of a particular surface given in the literature shows wide varia-tions. ?hus they must be taken as approximations, and when comparing or calculating these values one must only select those found under similar geo-graphical and climatic conditions.

Teresa Kozłowska-Szczęsna [klimat@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland

Teresa Kozłowska-Szczęsna [klimat@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland