Juliusz Twardy

Abstract

The question of the outflow from the Warsaw ice-dammed lake in Central Poland through the Warsaw-Berlin ice-marginal spillway during the Vistulian (Weichselian) Glaciation is discussed. Many years’ research and published concepts expressed in numerous publications since the beginning of the 20th century are presented. A runoff in the Warsaw-Berlin ice-marginal spillway was treated as impossible during the LGM, because ofa high watershed zone close to Łęczyca. The floor of this ice-marginal spillway is filled by silt and sand series correlated with the Late Vistulian and sand with peat of the Late Vistulian and Holocene. However, a relation of the glaciolacustrine sediments and the spillway floor indicates that the latter is masked by deposits that postdate the outflow episode. Proglacial and extraglacial waters were collected in the Warsaw ice-dammedlake and were drained westwards through the Warsaw-Berlin ice-marginal spillway.

Keywords: Weichselian, Warsaw-Berlin ice-marginal spillway, Warsaw Basin, proglacial drainage, Last Glacial Maximum

Jacek Forysiak [jacek.forysiak@geo.uni.lodz.pl], Department of Geology and Geomorphology University of Łódź Narutowicza 88, 90-139 Łódź: Poland
Aleksandra Majecka, Faculty of Geology University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw: Poland
Leszek Marks, Faculty of Geology University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw: Poland
Łukasz Bujak, Faculty of Geology University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw: Poland
Juliusz Twardy, Department of Quaternary Studies, Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, University of Łódź, ul. Narutowicza 88, 90-139 Łódź, Poland