Open access policy

All research articles in Geographia Polonica are fully open access, freely available to read, download, and share immediately upon publication. They are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license, which allows anyone to use, share, and adapt the work—provided the original source is properly cited. You can view the full license terms here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en

Authors also grant the Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization of the Polish Academy of Sciences (the publisher of Geographia Polonica) a non‑exclusive license to publish their article in accordance with Polish copyright law. This Grant of License must be signed by all authors before publication.

Users are free to:

• Share, i.e., copy and redistribute the Work in any format.
• Adapt, i.e., remix or build on the Wrk for any purpose.

These rights are permanent if users follow the license.

Conditions:

• Credit, i.e., Users must cite the original source, link to the license, and note any changes — all in a reasonable way.